Factors Determining the Use and Acceptance of Mobile Banking in Colombia

Main Article Content

Maria Camila Bermeo Giraldo
Martha L. Benjumea-Arias
Alejandro Valencia-Arias
Iván A. Montoya-Restrepo

Keywords

Adoption model, Colombia, mobile banking, perceived ease of use, technology acceptance

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the acceptance and use of mobile banking among users in Medellín (Colombia). The factors we propose are built upon on seven constructs (customer service and support, perceived attitude, perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived trust, intention to use, and perceived security), which were developed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the literature. We collected the data from 220 questionnaires self-administered by mobile banking users in Medellín. Subsequently, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to determine the correlation between the set of observed variables and the constructs defined in the proposed acceptance model. We empirically conclude that the use of mobile banking among the population under study is mainly influenced by users’ perceived usefulness, perceived trust, and ease of use. The results show a strong correlation between perceived trust and perceived security and between perceived usefulness and intention to use.


 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract 1156 | 391-PDF-v9n4pp44-74 Downloads 29

References

Abd Ghani, M., Rahi, S., Mohd Yasin, N., & Alnaser, F. (2017). Adoption of Internet Banking: Extending the Role of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with E-Customer Service and Customer Satisfaction. World Applied Sciences Journal, 35(9), 1918–1929. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2017.1918.1929
Al-Dmour, R., Dawood, E. A. H., Al-Dmour, H., & Masa’deh, R. (2020). The effect of customer lifestyle patterns on the use of mobile banking applications in Jordan. International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing, 11(3), 239. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijemr.2020.108121
Agarwal, V., Poddar, S., & Karnavat, S. J. (2020). A Study on Growth of Mobile Banking in India During Covid-19. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(6), 9461–9485. https://www.archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/2489
Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2017). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINFOMGT.2017.01.002
Al-Gahtani, S. S., & King, M. (1999). Attitudes, satisfaction and usage: Factors contributing to each in the acceptance of information technology. Behaviour and Information Technology, 18(4), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/014492999119020
Alkhaldi, A. N. (2017). An empirical examination of customers’ mobile phone experience and awareness of mobile banking services in mobile banking in Saudi Arabia. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 12, 283–308. https://doi.org/10.28945/3887
Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., & Chen, T. F. (2019). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066
Altin, C., Kaya, A., & Ozlu, E. (2018). Determinants of Mobile Banking Use: An Extended TAM with Perceived Risk, Mobility Access, Compatibility, Perceived Self-efficacy and Subjective Norms. Global Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Its Application Areas, GJCIE 2017, 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71225-3_20
Amoako-Gyampah, K. (2007). Perceived usefulness, user involvement and behavioral intention: an empirical study of ERP implementation. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1232–1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.12.002
Anderson, J. C., Gerbing, D. W., & Hunter, J. E. (1987). On the Assessment of Unidimensional Measurement: Internal and External Consistency, and Overall Consistency Criteria. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(4), 432. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151392
Avendaño, O. (2018). Los retos de la banca digital en México. Revista IUS, 12(41), 87–108. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1870-21472018000100087&script=sci_arttext
Azad, M. A. K. (2016). Predicting mobile banking adoption in Bangladesh: a neural network approach. Transnational Corporations Review, 8(3), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2016.1233726
Azhari, M. S., & Usman, O. (2021). Interest Determination of Zoom Use with a TAM Approach in the Implementation of SFH in the Middle of Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3768719
Baabdullah, A. M., Alalwan, A. A., Rana, N. P., Kizgin, H., & Patil, P. (2019). Consumer use of mobile banking (M-Banking) in Saudi Arabia: Towards an integrated model. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINFOMGT.2018.09.002
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
Baki, R., Birgoren, B., & Aktepe, A. (2018). A meta analysis of factors affecting perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in the adoption of e-learning systems. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(4). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/555808
Banca de las oportunidades. (2019). Financial Inclusion Report 2019. https://bancadelasoportunidades.gov.co/sites/default/files/2020-10/FIR-2019.pdf
Bartlett, M. S. (1950). Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 3(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1950.tb00285.x
Boon-Itt, S. (2019). Quality of health websites and their influence on perceived usefulness, trust and intention to use: An analysis from Thailand. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-018-0100-9
Cano, M. D., & Domenech-Asensi, G. (2011). A secure energy-efficient m-banking application for mobile devices. Journal of Systems and Software, 84(11), 1899–1909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.06.024
Changchit, C., Lonkani, R., & Sampet, J. (2017). Mobile banking: Exploring determinants of its adoption. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 27(3), 239–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2017.1332145
Chawla, D., & Joshi, H. (2019). Scale Development and Validation for Measuring the Adoption of Mobile Banking Services. Global Business Review, 20(2), 434–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918825205
Cheng, B. L., Gaur, S. S., & Rahim, R. A. (2020). Factors leading to customer retention in the high volume-low volume service context: Evidence from the mobile service industry. Asian Journal of Business Research, 10(1), 68–103. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.200076
Choi, H., Park, J., Kim, J., & Jung, Y. (2020). Consumer preferences of attributes of mobile payment services in South Korea. Telematics and Informatics, 51, 101397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101397
Chung, N., & Kwon, S. J. (2009). The Effects of Customers’ Mobile Experience and Technical Support on the Intention to Use Mobile Banking. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(5), 539–543. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0014
Consejo Privado de Competitividad-CPC. (2017). Informe nacional de competitividad 2015-2016. Available at https://compite.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CPC_-Resumen-2015-2016.pdf
Das, S. A., & Ravi, N. (2021). A Study on the Impact of Coffee Service Quality on Customer Loyalty. Journal of Advanced Researches and Reports, 1(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.21742/jarr.2021.1.1.04
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Deloitte Center for Financial Services. (2012). El futuro de la banca móvil en América Latina Perspectivas desde Argentina, Brasil y México Contenido. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/py/Documents/about-deloitte/Futuro_banca_movil2012.pdf
de Luna, I. R., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2019). Mobile payment is not all the same: The adoption of mobile payment systems depending on the technology applied. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 931–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.018
Fernández de Lis, S., Llanes, M. C., López- Moctezuma, C., Rojas, J. C., & Tuesta, D. (2014). Inclusión financiera y el papel de la banca móvil en Colombia: desarrollos y potencialidades (14/01). www.bbvaresearch.com
Forbes Advertorial. (2021). Digitalización, el aliado de la inclusión financiera. Forbes Colombia—Tecnología. https://forbes.co/2021/02/10/tecnologia/digitalizacion-el-aliado-de-la-inclusion-financiera/
Formento, A. (2020). La inclusión financiera durante la pandemia: marco institucional, aciertos y cuentas pendientes. Ab-Revista de Abogacía, 7, 47–51. https://publicaciones.unpaz.edu.ar/OJS/index.php/ab/article/view/857
Gangwar, H., Date, H., & Ramaswamy, R. (2015). Understanding determinants of cloud computing adoption using an integrated TAM-TOE model. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-08-2013-0065
Giraldo, D. (2013). Modelo de aceptación de la tecnología (TAM) y el comercio móvil: M-Banking. Revista de Estudiantes de Administración de Empresas, 6(6), 204–220. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ensayos/article/view/49815/50643
Glavee-Geo, R., Shaikh, A. A., & Karjaluoto, H. (2017). Mobile banking services adoption in Pakistan: are there gender differences? International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(7), 1090–1114. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2015-0142
Gichuki, C. N., & Mulu-Mutuku, M. (2018). Determinants of awareness and adoption of mobile money technologies: Evidence from women micro entrepreneurs in Kenya. Women’s Studies International Forum, 67, 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2017.11.013
Guner, H., & Acarturk, C. (2020). The use and acceptance of ICT by senior citizens: a comparison of technology acceptance model (TAM) for elderly and young adults. Universal Access in the Information Society, 19, 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0642-4
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1999). Análisis multivariante. Prentice Hall; Vol. 491. http://www.sidalc.net/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=AGRISUM.xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=000231
Hamidi, H., & Safareyeh, M. (2018). A model to analyze the effect of mobile banking adoption on customer interaction and satisfaction: A case study of m-banking in Iran. Telematics and Informatics, September, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.09.008
Han, S., & Baek, S. (2004). Antecedents and Consequences of Service Quality in Online Banking: An Application of the SERVQUAL instrument. Advances in Consumer Research, Volume 31, 208–214. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/11ab/e888cf71f9d8553d230293c745c213acba66.pdf
Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Abedini Koshksaray, A., & Jalilvand Shirkhani Tabar, M. (2014). Mobile-banking adoption by Iranian bank clients. Telematics and Informatics, 31(1), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TELE.2012.11.001
Haque, A., Tarofder, A. K., Rahman, S., & Raquib, M. A. (2009). Electronic transaction of internet banking and its perception of Malaysian online customers. African Journal of Business Management, 3(6), 248–259. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM09.036
Herman, L. E., Sulhaini, S., & Farida, N. (2020). Electronic Customer Relationship Management and Company Performance: Exploring the Product Innovativeness Development. Journal of Relationship Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2019.1688600
Hoehle, H., Scornavacca, E., & Huff, S. (2012). Three decades of research on consumer adoption and utilization of electronic banking channels: A literature analysis. Decision Support Systems, 54(1), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSS.2012.04.010
Ibrahim, M., Khalil, M., & Ahmed, S. (2020). Developing a technology acceptance model for the mobile banking adoption in Pakistan. Gomal University Journal of Research, 36(2), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.51380/gujr-36-02-06
Ifeonu, R. O., & Ward, R. (2015). The Impact Of Technology Trust On The Acceptance Of Mobile Banking Technology Within Nigeria. IEEE African Journal of Computing & ICTs, 8(4), 1–37. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/27894/
Joshi, D. J. (2013). An Analysis of the Existing Literature on B2C E-commerce. Indian Journal of Marketing, 43(12), 34. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2013/v43/i12/80512
Joy, R. P., & James, C. (2018). Attitude towards mobile banking in kanniyakumari district. Indian Journal Of Applied Research, 8(10). https://wwjournals.com/index.php/ijar/article/view/14451/14365
Kapinus, L., & Skrygun, N. (2014). Development of Electronic Banking in Bangladesh. Economic Annals-XXI, 4(1), 55–58. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1302296
Kashmari, A., Nejad, A. H. G., & Nayebyazdi, A. (2016). Impact of electronic banking innovations on bank deposit market share. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(1), 1–12. https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/impact-of-electronic-banking-innovations-on-bank-deposit-market-share.php?aid=69051&view=mobile
Keisidou, E., Sarigiannidis, L., & Maditinos, D. (2011). Consumer characteristics and their effect on accepting online shopping, in the context of different product types. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 6(2), 24–27. http://abd.teikav.edu.gr/new_articles/031_consumer.pdf
Kemal, A. A. (2018). Mobile Technologies and Entrepreneurial Development – Identifying the Missing Link. 11th IADIS Information Systems Conference, May, 1–10. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/703192/
Kim, J., Jin, B., & Swinney, J. L. (2009). The role of etail quality, e-satisfaction and e-trust in online loyalty development process. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16(4), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2008.11.019
Kumar, A., Dhingra, S., Batra, V., & Purohit, H. (2020). A Framework of Mobile Banking Adoption in India. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020040
Lacave, C., Molina, A. I., Fernández, M., & Redondo, M. Á. (2016). Análisis de la fiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario docente. ReVisión, 9(1), 136–143. http://aenui.net/ojs/index.php?journal=revision&page=article&op=viewArticle&path%5B%5D=219&path%5B%5D=373
Lashitew, A. A., Bals, L., & van Tulder, R. (2018). Inclusive Business at the Base of the Pyramid: The Role of Embeddedness for Enabling Social Innovations. Journal of Business Ethics, 0(0), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3995-y
Lee, J., & Son, J. (2017). The Effects of Consumer Innovativeness on Mobile App Download: Focusing on Comparison of Innovators and Noninnovators. Mobile Information Systems, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3894685
Lévy Mangin, J.-P., Bourgault, N., Martinez Guerrero, M., & Ortega Egea, J. M. (2011). Modeling perceived usefulness on adopting on line banking through the TAM model in a Canadian banking environment. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 16(1), 1–23. https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/modeling-perceived-usefulness-on-adopting-on-line-banking-through-the-tam-model-in-a-canadian-banking-environment.pdf
Loiacono, E. T., Watson, R. T., & Goodhue, D. L. (2007). WebQual: An instrument for consumer evaluation of web sites. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(3), 51–87. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415110302
Luarn, P., & Lin, H. H. (2005). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(6), 873–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.003
Luo, X., Li, H., Zhang, J., & Shim, J. P. (2010). Examining multi-dimensional trust and multi-faceted risk in initial acceptance of emerging technologies: An empirical study of mobile banking services. Decision Support Systems, 49(2), 222–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2010.02.008
Malaquias, R. F., & Hwang, Y. (2019). Mobile banking use: A comparative study with Brazilian and U.S. participants. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINFOMGT.2018.10.004
Mallat, N., Rossi, M., & Tuunainen, V. K. (2004). Mobile banking services. Communications of the ACM, 47(5), 42. https://doi.org/10.1145/986213.986236
Mehrad, D., & Mohammadi, S. (2017). Word of Mouth impact on the adoption of mobile banking in Iran. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1351–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TELE.2016.08.009
Mejía, M. A., & Quintero, W. (2017). Determinantes del uso de la banca electrónica en Colombia. Revista Finnova: Investigacion E Innovacion Financiera Y Organizacional, 2(3), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.23850/24629758.562
Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones -MinTIC. (2020, February 6). Total de acceso de Internet móvil a Nivel Nacional. https://colombiatic.mintic.gov.co/679/w3-propertyvalue-47272.html
Mohammed A., Al-Sharafi, Ruzaini A., Arsha, Emad Abu-Shanab, & Nabil Elayah. (2016). The Effect of Security and Privacy Perceptions on Customers’ Trust to Accept Internet Banking Services: An Extension of TAM. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(3), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2016.545.552
Mohammadi, H. (2015). A study of mobile banking usage in Iran. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 33(6), 733–759. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2014-0114
Molony, T. (2006). “I Don’t Trust the Phone; It Always Lies”: Trust and Information and Communication Technologies in Tanzanian Micro- and Small Enterprises. Information Technologies & International Development, 3(4), 67–83. https://itidjournal.org/index.php/itid/article/view/238.html
Moraga, E. T., Campos, P. H., & Villalón, C. B. (2008). Determinación y categorización de los factores de satisfacción e insatisfacción en la banca en Internet. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 41, 49–67. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=71611842006
Muhammad, A., Chin-Hong, P., & Arif, I. (2015). Determinants of e-banking adoption: A non-users perspective in Pakistan. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1, 1–38. t https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67878/
Mukherjee, A., & Nath, P. (2003). A model of trust in online relationship banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 21(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320310457767
Muñoz-Leiva, F., Climent-Climent, S., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2017). Determinants of intention to use the mobile banking apps: An extension of the classic TAM model. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 21(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SJME.2016.12.001
Nichkasova, Y., & Shmarlouskaya, H. (2020). Financial technologies as a driving force for business model transformation in the banking sector. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 25(4), 419–447. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2020.109120
Oliveira, T., Faria, M., Thomas, M. A., & Popovič, A. (2014). Extending the understanding of mobile banking adoption: When UTAUT meets TTF and ITM. International Journal of Information Management, 34(5), 689–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINFOMGT.2014.06.004
Ong, M. H. A., & Puteh, F. (2017). Quantitative Data Analysis: Choosing Between SPSS, PLS and AMOS in Social Science Research. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Scientific Research, 3(1), 14–25. https://iijsr.org/data/frontImages/gallery/Vol._3_No._1/3._14-25.pdf
Ortiz, S., & Núñez, J. M. (2017). Inclusión financiera: diagnóstico de la situación en América Latina y el Caribe. Revista Galega de Economía, 26(1), 45–54. http://www.usc.es/econo/RGE/banvidag.htm
Otzen, T., & Manterola, C. (2017). Técnicas de Muestreo sobre una Población a Estudio. International Journal of Morphology, 35(1), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022017000100037
Premalatha, R. J., & Sundaram, N. (2014). Reasons for non-adoption of internet banking: A study with reference to Vellore District of Tamil Nadu, India. Asian Social Science, 10(8), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n8p116
Portafolio. (2021). Bancarización e inclusión, lo bueno que deja la pandemia. Finanzas. https://www.portafolio.co/economia/finanzas/bancarizacion-e-inclusion-lo-bueno-que-deja-la-pandemia-549749
Ramos, F. L., Brantes, J., Sabino de Freitas, A., & Werneck, J. (2018). The Effect of Trust in the Intention to Use m-banking. Brazilian Business Review, 15(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2018.15.2.5
Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Rojas Berrío, S. P., & Ortiz Rendón, P. A. (2021). The Adoption of E-commerce in SMEs: the Colombian Case. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 9(3), 110–135. https://doi.org/10.18080/JTDE.V9N3.403
Roa, M. (2013). Inclusión financiera en América Latina y el Caribe: acceso, uso y calidad. Boletín, LIX(2), 121–148. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:cml:boletn:v:lix:y:2013:i:3:p:121-148
Sampat, B. (2016). Antecedents to Mobile Banking Adoption in India: An Extended TAM model. Wealth: International Journal of Money, Banking & Finance, 5(2), 20–29.
Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
Sepashvili, E. (2020). Digital Chain of Contemporary Global Economy: E-Commerce through E-Banking and E-Signature. Economia Aziendale Online, 11(3), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.13132/2038-5498/11.3.239-249
Shareef, M. A., Baabdullah, A., Dutta, S., Kumar, V., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2018). Consumer adoption of mobile banking services: An empirical examination of factors according to adoption stages. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 43, 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2018.03.003
Siadat, S. H., Najjar, L., & Nezafati, N. (2019). Mobile banking acceptance by the customers in Iranian banks. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 32(3), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2019.103076
Singh, S., & Srivastava, R. K. (2018). Predicting the Intention to Use Mobile Banking in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(2), 357–378. https://doi.org/10/1108/IJBM-12-2016-0186
Singh, S., & Srivastava, R. K. (2020). Understanding the intention to use mobile banking by existing online banking customers: an empirical study. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 25(3–4), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00074-w
Siyal, A. W., Ding, D., & Siyal, S. (2019). M-banking barriers in Pakistan: a customer perspective of adoption and continuity intention. Data Technologies and Applications, 53(1), 58–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/DTA-04-2018-0022
Souiden, N., Ladhari, R., & Chaouali, W. (2020). Mobile banking adoption: a systematic review. International Journal of Bank Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2020-0182
Stewart, H., & Jürjens, J. (2018). Data security and consumer trust in FinTech innovation in Germany. Information and Computer Security, 26(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS-06-2017-0039
Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia. (2020). Informe de operaciones. https://www.superfinanciera.gov.co/jsp/Publicaciones/publicaciones/loadContenidoPublicacion/id/61066/f/0/c/0
Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of UTAUT2. Information Systems Frontiers, 23, 987–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10007-6
Tan, E., & Lau, J. L. (2016). Behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking among the millennial generation. Young Consumers, 17(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-07-2015-00537
Teo, A. C., Tan, G. W. H., Cheah, C. M., Ooi, K. B., & Yew, K. T. (2012). Can the demographic and subjective norms influence the adoption of mobile banking? International Journal of Mobile Communications, 10(6), 578. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMC.2012.049757
Tham, J., Ab Yazid, M. S., Khatibi, A. A., & Ferdous, S. M. (2017). Internet and data security – understanding customer perception on trusting virtual banking security in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 2(7), 187. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.898999
van Klyton, A., Tavera-Mesías, J. F., & Castaño-Muñoz, W. (2021). Innovation resistance and mobile banking in rural Colombia. Journal of Rural Studies, 81, 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.035
Vejačka, M., & Štofa, T. (2017). Influence of security and trust on electronic banking adoption in Slovakia. E+M: Ekonomie a Management, 20(4), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2017-4-010
Wichittakul, C., & Prasongsukarn, K. (2018). Factors affecting the level of trust in mobile banking: A case study of customer perception toward commercial mobile banking adoption in Bangkok, Thailand. 2018 5th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR), 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBIR.2018.8391235
Yamakawa, P., Guerrero, C., & Rees, G. (2013). Factores que influyen en la utilización de los servicios de banca móvil en el Perú. Universidad & Empresa, 25, 131–149. https://revistas.urosario.edu.co/index.php/empresa/article/view/2877/2350
Zhu, Q., Lyu, Z., Long, Y., & Wachenheim, C. J. (2021). Adoption of mobile banking in rural China: Impact of information dissemination channel. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 101011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101011