Fallen into the Chasm: Exploring Mobile Payment Failed Initiative in Lebanon
Main Article Content
Keywords
Mobile payment, Technology-Organization-Environment framework, network externalities, critical mass
Abstract
Several years after introducing the mobile payment service to the Lebanese market, it is clear that the new payment method has failed to take off, which brings up questions about the reasons behind these unmet expectations. The current paper uses the Technology-Organization-Environment framework to explore the factors with respect to its three pillars that could have prevented the diffusion of mobile payment into the market. Using a qualitative approach of multiple case studies, the findings suggest that the reasons for the low diffusion of mobile banking lies as much in the incompatible nor open technology as in the highly competitive organizational structure of the banking industry and, finally, the merchants’ and consumers’ unwillingness to adopt it.
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References
Au, Y. A., & Kauffman, R. J. (2008). The economics of mobile payments: Understanding stakeholder issues for an emerging financial technology application, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 141–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2006.12.004.
Baker, J. (2012). The Technology–Organization–Environment Framework. In: Dwivedi, Y., Wade, M., & Schneberger, S. (eds), Information Systems Theory. Integrated Series in Information Systems, vol. 28. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_12
Burns, S. (2018) M-Pesa and the ‘Market-Led’ Approach to Financial Inclusion. Economic Affairs, 38, 406–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12321
Boateng, R., Yeboah-Afeti, E., & Afful-Dadzie, E. (2019). Adoption of Mobile Payments in Ghana: A Merchant Perspective, AMCIS 2019 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2019/global_dev/global_dev/9/
Caillaud, B, & Julien. B. (2003). Chicken & Egg: Competition Among Intermediation Service Providers, Rand Journal of Economics, 34(2), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.2307/1593720
Cridland, E. K., Jones, S. J., Caputi, P., & Magee, C. A. (2015). Qualitative research with families living with autism spectrum disorder: Recommendations for conducting semistructured interviews, Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 40(1), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2014.964191
Dahlberg, T., Mallat, N., Ondrus, J., & Zmijewska, A. (2008). Past, present and future of mobile payments research: A literature review, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.02.001
Dahlberg, T., Guo, J., Ondrus, J. (2015). A critical review of mobile payment research, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003.
Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2010). Failure to Launch: Critical Mass in Platform Businesses. Review of Network Economics, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1446-9022.1256
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 41(4), 842–844.
Frambach, R. T., Barkema, H. G., Nooteboom, B., & Wedel, M. (1998). Adoption of a service innovation in the business market: An empirical test of supply-side variables, Journal of Business Research, 41(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00005-2.
Hagiu, A., & Wright, J. (2015). Multi-sided platforms, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 43, 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.03.003
Hedman, J., & Henningsson, S. (2015). The New Normal: Market cooperation in the mobile payments ecosystem. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2015.03.005
Gaur, A., & Ondrus, J. (2012). The Role of Banks in the Mobile Payment Ecosystem: A Strategic Asset Perspective. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Electronic Commerce, 171–177, Singapore Management University. https://doi.org/10.1145/2346536.2346570
Gong. X., Zhang. K. Z. K., Chen, C., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee M. K. O. (2020). Transition from web to mobile payment services: The triple effects of status quo inertia. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 310–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.006
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.-M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954– 2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
Katz, M.L., & Shapiro, C. (1985). Network externalities, competition and compatibility. The American Economic Review, 75(3), 424–440. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1814809
Khan, A. N., & Ali, M. (2018). A. Factors Affecting Retailer’s Adoption of Mobile Payment Systems: A SEM-Neural Network Modeling Approach. Wireless Personal Communications, 103, 2529–2551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5945-5
Khan, N. A., Khan, A. N., Bahadur, W., & Ali, M. (2021). Mobile payment adoption: a multi-theory model, multi-method approach and multi-country study, International Journal of Mobile Communications, 19(4), 467–491.
Kwabena, G. Y, Mei, Q., Ghumro, T. H., Li, W., & Erusalkina, D. (2021). Effects of a Technological-Organizational-Environmental Factor on the Adoption of the Mobile Payment System. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0329
Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3, 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
Liébana-Cabanillas, F., & Lara-Rubio, J. (2017). Predictive and explanatory modeling regarding adoption of mobile payment systems, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 120, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.002
Liu, Z., Ben, S., & Zhang, R. (2019). Factors affecting consumers’ mobile payment behavior: a meta-analysis. Electronic Commerce Research, 19, 575–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-019-09349-4
Loh, X.-M., Lee, V.-H., Tan, G. W.-H., Ooi, K.-B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Switching from cash to mobile payment: what's the hold-up? Internet Research, 31(1), 376–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-04-2020-0175
Mahakittikun, T., Suntrayuth, S., & Bhatiasevi, V. (2021). The impact of technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) factors on firm performance: merchant’s perspective of mobile payment from Thailand’s retail and service firms, Journal of Asia Business Studies, 15(2), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2020-0012
Mallat, N., & Dahlberg, T. (2005). Consumer and Merchants adoption of Mobile Payment Solutions, in Managing Business in a Multi-Channel World: Success Factors for E-Business. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-629-7.ch003
Mallat, N. (2006). Consumer and merchant adoption of mobile payments. Helsinki School of Economics. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:952-488-077-6
Mallat, N., & Tuunainen, V. K. (2008). Exploring Merchant Adoption of Mobile Payment Systems: An Empirical Study, e-Service Journal, 6(2), 24–57. https://doi.org/10.2979/esj.2008.6.2.24
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
Moghavvemi, S., Mei, T. X., Phoong, S. W., & Phoong, S. Y. (2021). Drivers and barriers of mobile payment adoption: Malaysian merchants' perspective, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102364
Moore, G. A. (1999). Crossing the Chasm, Marketing and Selling High-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.
Ondrus, J., Gannamaneni, A., & Lyytinen, K. (2015). The impact of openness on the market potential of multi-sided platforms: a case study of mobile payment platforms. Journal of Information Technology, 30, 260–275. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.7
Orr, G. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, by Everett Rogers (1995). [review]. Available at https://web.stanford.edu/class/symbsys205/Diffusion%20of%20Innovations.htm
Ozcan, P., & Santos, F. M. (2015). The market that never was: Turf wars and failed alliances in mobile payments. Strategic Management Journal, 36, 1486–1512. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2292
Pantano, E., & Viassone, M. (2014). Demand pull and technology push perspective in technology-based innovations for the points of sale: The retailers evaluation, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.06.007
Poushter, J. (2016). Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies. Pew Research Center. 22, 1–44. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-internet-usage-continues-to-climb-in-emerging-economies/
Qasim, H., & Abu-Shanab, E. (2016). Drivers of mobile payment acceptance: The impact of network externalities. Information Systems Frontiers, 18, 1021–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-015-95986
Reuver, M. D., & Ondrus, J. (2017). When technological superiority is not enough: The struggle to impose the SIM card as the NFC Secure Element for mobile payment platforms, Telecommunications Policy, 41(4), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.01.004.
Ritala, P. (2012). Coopetition Strategy – When is it Successful? Empirical Evidence on Innovation and Market Performance. British Journal of Management, 23, 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00741
Rochet, J. C., & Tirole, J. (2003). Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets, Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322493212
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2006). Two-sided markets: a progress report. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37. 645–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00036.x
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.). New York: The Free Press.
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Status quo bias in decision making. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1, 7–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055564
Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. R. (1999). The art of standards wars. California Management Review, 41(2), 8–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165984
Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The Process of Technological Innovation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Uwamariya, M., & Loebbecke, C. (2020). Learning from the mobile payment role model: lessons from Kenya for neighboring Rwanda, Information Technology for Development, 26(1), 108–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2018.1564725
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Wang, C.-C., Lo, S.-K., & Fang, W. (2008). Extending the technology acceptance model to mobile telecommunication innovation: The existence of network externalities. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.240
Wirth, J., & Maier, C. (2017). Why individuals switch to using mobile payment: A migration-theoretic, empirical study. In Twenty-third Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/301371665.pdf
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 4th edition, Sage publications.
Zhang, K. Z. K., Gong, X., Zhao, S. J., & Lee, M. K. O. (2016). Are you afraid of Transiting from Web to Mobile Payment? The bias and Moderating Role of Inertia. PACIS 2016 Proceedings, 235. https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2016/235
Baker, J. (2012). The Technology–Organization–Environment Framework. In: Dwivedi, Y., Wade, M., & Schneberger, S. (eds), Information Systems Theory. Integrated Series in Information Systems, vol. 28. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_12
Burns, S. (2018) M-Pesa and the ‘Market-Led’ Approach to Financial Inclusion. Economic Affairs, 38, 406–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12321
Boateng, R., Yeboah-Afeti, E., & Afful-Dadzie, E. (2019). Adoption of Mobile Payments in Ghana: A Merchant Perspective, AMCIS 2019 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2019/global_dev/global_dev/9/
Caillaud, B, & Julien. B. (2003). Chicken & Egg: Competition Among Intermediation Service Providers, Rand Journal of Economics, 34(2), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.2307/1593720
Cridland, E. K., Jones, S. J., Caputi, P., & Magee, C. A. (2015). Qualitative research with families living with autism spectrum disorder: Recommendations for conducting semistructured interviews, Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 40(1), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2014.964191
Dahlberg, T., Mallat, N., Ondrus, J., & Zmijewska, A. (2008). Past, present and future of mobile payments research: A literature review, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.02.001
Dahlberg, T., Guo, J., Ondrus, J. (2015). A critical review of mobile payment research, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003.
Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2010). Failure to Launch: Critical Mass in Platform Businesses. Review of Network Economics, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1446-9022.1256
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 41(4), 842–844.
Frambach, R. T., Barkema, H. G., Nooteboom, B., & Wedel, M. (1998). Adoption of a service innovation in the business market: An empirical test of supply-side variables, Journal of Business Research, 41(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00005-2.
Hagiu, A., & Wright, J. (2015). Multi-sided platforms, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 43, 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.03.003
Hedman, J., & Henningsson, S. (2015). The New Normal: Market cooperation in the mobile payments ecosystem. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2015.03.005
Gaur, A., & Ondrus, J. (2012). The Role of Banks in the Mobile Payment Ecosystem: A Strategic Asset Perspective. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Electronic Commerce, 171–177, Singapore Management University. https://doi.org/10.1145/2346536.2346570
Gong. X., Zhang. K. Z. K., Chen, C., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee M. K. O. (2020). Transition from web to mobile payment services: The triple effects of status quo inertia. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 310–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.006
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.-M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954– 2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
Katz, M.L., & Shapiro, C. (1985). Network externalities, competition and compatibility. The American Economic Review, 75(3), 424–440. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1814809
Khan, A. N., & Ali, M. (2018). A. Factors Affecting Retailer’s Adoption of Mobile Payment Systems: A SEM-Neural Network Modeling Approach. Wireless Personal Communications, 103, 2529–2551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5945-5
Khan, N. A., Khan, A. N., Bahadur, W., & Ali, M. (2021). Mobile payment adoption: a multi-theory model, multi-method approach and multi-country study, International Journal of Mobile Communications, 19(4), 467–491.
Kwabena, G. Y, Mei, Q., Ghumro, T. H., Li, W., & Erusalkina, D. (2021). Effects of a Technological-Organizational-Environmental Factor on the Adoption of the Mobile Payment System. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0329
Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3, 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
Liébana-Cabanillas, F., & Lara-Rubio, J. (2017). Predictive and explanatory modeling regarding adoption of mobile payment systems, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 120, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.002
Liu, Z., Ben, S., & Zhang, R. (2019). Factors affecting consumers’ mobile payment behavior: a meta-analysis. Electronic Commerce Research, 19, 575–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-019-09349-4
Loh, X.-M., Lee, V.-H., Tan, G. W.-H., Ooi, K.-B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Switching from cash to mobile payment: what's the hold-up? Internet Research, 31(1), 376–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-04-2020-0175
Mahakittikun, T., Suntrayuth, S., & Bhatiasevi, V. (2021). The impact of technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) factors on firm performance: merchant’s perspective of mobile payment from Thailand’s retail and service firms, Journal of Asia Business Studies, 15(2), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2020-0012
Mallat, N., & Dahlberg, T. (2005). Consumer and Merchants adoption of Mobile Payment Solutions, in Managing Business in a Multi-Channel World: Success Factors for E-Business. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-629-7.ch003
Mallat, N. (2006). Consumer and merchant adoption of mobile payments. Helsinki School of Economics. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:952-488-077-6
Mallat, N., & Tuunainen, V. K. (2008). Exploring Merchant Adoption of Mobile Payment Systems: An Empirical Study, e-Service Journal, 6(2), 24–57. https://doi.org/10.2979/esj.2008.6.2.24
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
Moghavvemi, S., Mei, T. X., Phoong, S. W., & Phoong, S. Y. (2021). Drivers and barriers of mobile payment adoption: Malaysian merchants' perspective, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102364
Moore, G. A. (1999). Crossing the Chasm, Marketing and Selling High-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.
Ondrus, J., Gannamaneni, A., & Lyytinen, K. (2015). The impact of openness on the market potential of multi-sided platforms: a case study of mobile payment platforms. Journal of Information Technology, 30, 260–275. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.7
Orr, G. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, by Everett Rogers (1995). [review]. Available at https://web.stanford.edu/class/symbsys205/Diffusion%20of%20Innovations.htm
Ozcan, P., & Santos, F. M. (2015). The market that never was: Turf wars and failed alliances in mobile payments. Strategic Management Journal, 36, 1486–1512. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2292
Pantano, E., & Viassone, M. (2014). Demand pull and technology push perspective in technology-based innovations for the points of sale: The retailers evaluation, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.06.007
Poushter, J. (2016). Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies. Pew Research Center. 22, 1–44. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-internet-usage-continues-to-climb-in-emerging-economies/
Qasim, H., & Abu-Shanab, E. (2016). Drivers of mobile payment acceptance: The impact of network externalities. Information Systems Frontiers, 18, 1021–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-015-95986
Reuver, M. D., & Ondrus, J. (2017). When technological superiority is not enough: The struggle to impose the SIM card as the NFC Secure Element for mobile payment platforms, Telecommunications Policy, 41(4), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.01.004.
Ritala, P. (2012). Coopetition Strategy – When is it Successful? Empirical Evidence on Innovation and Market Performance. British Journal of Management, 23, 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00741
Rochet, J. C., & Tirole, J. (2003). Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets, Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322493212
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2006). Two-sided markets: a progress report. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37. 645–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00036.x
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.). New York: The Free Press.
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Status quo bias in decision making. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1, 7–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055564
Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. R. (1999). The art of standards wars. California Management Review, 41(2), 8–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165984
Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The Process of Technological Innovation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Uwamariya, M., & Loebbecke, C. (2020). Learning from the mobile payment role model: lessons from Kenya for neighboring Rwanda, Information Technology for Development, 26(1), 108–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2018.1564725
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Wang, C.-C., Lo, S.-K., & Fang, W. (2008). Extending the technology acceptance model to mobile telecommunication innovation: The existence of network externalities. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.240
Wirth, J., & Maier, C. (2017). Why individuals switch to using mobile payment: A migration-theoretic, empirical study. In Twenty-third Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/301371665.pdf
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 4th edition, Sage publications.
Zhang, K. Z. K., Gong, X., Zhao, S. J., & Lee, M. K. O. (2016). Are you afraid of Transiting from Web to Mobile Payment? The bias and Moderating Role of Inertia. PACIS 2016 Proceedings, 235. https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2016/235
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Jun 10, 2022
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Alsaghir, L. (2022). Fallen into the Chasm: Exploring Mobile Payment Failed Initiative in Lebanon. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 10(2), 214–235. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n2.586
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Special Issue: Digital Technologies and Innovation
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